Loader is a kind of earthwork construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects. It is mainly used to shovel soil, sand, lime, coal and other bulk materials, and can also do light shovel excavation for ore and hard soil. Changing different auxiliary working devices can also carry out bulldozing, lifting and loading and unloading of other materials such as wood. In the construction of roads, especially in high-grade highways, loaders are used for filling and excavation of subgrade works, aggregate and loading of asphalt mixture and cement concrete stockyard. In addition, it can also carry out operations such as pushing and transporting soil, scraping the ground and towing other machinery. Because the loader has the advantages of fast operation speed, high efficiency, good mobility and light operation, it has become one of the main types of earthwork construction in engineering construction.

分類

Classification

常用的單斗裝載機(jī)，按發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率，傳動(dòng)形式，行走系結(jié)構(gòu)，裝載方式的不同進(jìn)行分類。

Common single bucket loaders are classified according to engine power, transmission form, walking system structure and loading mode.

1、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率：

1. Engine power:

①功率小于74kw為小型裝載機(jī)。

① Small loader with power less than 74kw.

②功率在74～147kw為中型裝載機(jī)

② It is a medium-sized loader with a power of 74 ~ 147kw

③功率在147～515kw為大型裝載機(jī)

③ It is a large loader with a power of 147 ~ 515kw

④功率大于515kw為特大型裝載機(jī)

④ Super large loader with power greater than 515kw

2、傳動(dòng)形式：

2. Transmission form:

①液力—機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，沖擊振動(dòng)小，傳動(dòng)件壽命長(zhǎng)，操縱方便，車速與外載間可自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，一般在中大型裝載機(jī)多采用；

① Hydraulic mechanical transmission, small impact vibration, long service life of transmission parts, convenient operation, automatic adjustment between speed and external load, which is generally used in medium and large loaders;

②液力傳動(dòng)：可無級(jí)調(diào)速、操縱間便，但啟動(dòng)性較差，一般僅在小型裝載機(jī)上采用；

② Hydraulic transmission: stepless speed regulation and convenient operation, but the starting performance is poor, which is generally only used on small loaders;

③電力傳動(dòng)：無級(jí)調(diào)速、工作可靠、維修簡(jiǎn)單、費(fèi)用較高，一般在大型裝載機(jī)上采用。

③ Electric drive: stepless speed regulation, reliable operation, simple maintenance and high cost. It is generally used on large loaders.

3、行走結(jié)構(gòu)：

3. Walking structure:

①輪胎式：質(zhì)量輕、速度快、機(jī)動(dòng)靈活、效率高、不易損壞路面、接地比壓大、通過性差、但被廣泛應(yīng)用；

① Tire type: light weight, fast speed, flexible mobility, high efficiency, not easy to damage the road, large grounding specific pressure, poor trafficability, but it is widely used;

②履帶式：接地比壓小，通過性好、穩(wěn)定性好、附著力強(qiáng)、牽引力大、比切入力大、速度低、靈活程度相對(duì)差、成本高、行走時(shí)易損壞路面。

② Crawler type: small specific pressure of grounding, good trafficability, good stability, strong adhesion, large traction, large specific cutting force, low speed, relatively poor flexibility, high cost and easy to damage the road surface when walking.

4、裝卸方式：

4. Loading and unloading method:

①前卸式：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、視野好，適合于各種作業(yè)場(chǎng)地，應(yīng)用較廣；

① Front unloading type: simple structure, reliable operation and good vision. It is suitable for all kinds of operation sites and is widely used;

②回轉(zhuǎn)式：工作裝置安裝在可回轉(zhuǎn)360O的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上，側(cè)面卸載不需要調(diào)頭、作業(yè)效率高、但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、質(zhì)量大、成本高、側(cè)面穩(wěn)性較差，適用于較俠小的場(chǎng)地。

② Rotary: the working device is installed on the rotary 360o turntable. The side unloading does not need to turn around, and the operation efficiency is high, but the structure is complex, the quality is large, the cost is high, and the side stability is poor. It is suitable for small sites.

③后卸式：前端裝、后端卸、作業(yè)效率高。

③ Rear unloading type: front-end loading and rear-end unloading, with high operation efficiency.

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