Mine loader is a kind of mechanical equipment, which is mainly used for the collection, transportation, construction and loading of gravel and soil materials in various mines, hydropower and tunnel projects, such as phosphate ore, iron ore, copper mine, gold mine, silver mine, lead-zinc mine, coal mine roadway and so on. The loader should be installed by personnel. The installation shall be carried out according to the structural characteristics of the whole machine and the requirements of the drawings. The following are the key points for assembling the mine loader:

1.組裝各連接螺栓時，檢查鎖緊墊圈是否齊全，緊固性是否符合要求。

1. When assembling each connecting bolt, check whether the lock washer is complete and whether the tightness meets the requirements.

2.液壓系統(tǒng)的連接部位一定要擦拭干凈，不得有灰塵和雜質(zhì)。同時檢查密封圈是否完整或損壞，所有管路按原位置調(diào)直固定。

2. The connecting parts of the hydraulic system must be wiped clean without dust and impurities. At the same time, check whether the sealing ring is complete or damaged, and all pipelines shall be straightened and fixed according to the original position.

3. 礦井裝載機(jī)安裝完畢后，仔細(xì)檢查各部件、管件及附件安裝是否正確、穩(wěn)定。

3. After the installation of the mine loader, carefully check whether the installation of all parts, pipe fittings and accessories is correct and stable.

4.電氣元件應(yīng)由專人安裝。進(jìn)入接線盒的電纜直徑應(yīng)與橡膠墊的孔徑一致。端子頭的壓縮應(yīng)確保橡膠墊和電纜之間以及橡膠墊和接線盒之間沒有間隙，否則將失去隔爆性能。

4. Electrical components shall be installed by special personnel. The diameter of the cable entering the junction box shall be consistent with the aperture of the rubber pad. The compression of the terminal head shall ensure that there is no gap between the rubber pad and the cable and between the rubber pad and the junction box, otherwise the flameproof performance will be lost.

礦井裝載機(jī)總體布置圖是我國自行設(shè)計的礦井裝載機(jī)。在ZL50的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計開發(fā)了zl100、ZL40、ZL30和ZL20系列裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品，并在此系列基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)了dzl50和dzl40地下坑道施工用地下裝載機(jī)變型。礦井裝載機(jī)由發(fā)動機(jī)、傳動系統(tǒng)、行走部件、制動系統(tǒng)、工作裝置和液壓系統(tǒng)組成。其中，發(fā)動機(jī)、變矩器、變速箱和前后驅(qū)動橋是礦井裝載機(jī)的主要部件，簡稱四大部件。

The general layout of mine loader is a mine loader designed by our country. On the basis of ZL50, zl100, ZL40, ZL30 and ZL20 series loaders are designed and developed, and the variants of dzl50 and dzl40 underground loaders for underground tunnel construction are developed on the basis of this series. The mine loader is composed of engine, transmission system, traveling parts, braking system, working device and hydraulic system. Among them, engine, torque converter, gearbox and front and rear drive axle are the main components of mine loader, which are referred to as the four major components for short.

1.發(fā)動機(jī)

1. Engine

礦井裝載機(jī)的發(fā)動機(jī)采用柴油機(jī)。通常使用135系列柴油發(fā)動機(jī)，ZL50和ZL40裝載機(jī)通常使用6135k柴油發(fā)動機(jī)。大多數(shù)小型輪式裝載機(jī)使用95和105系列柴油發(fā)動機(jī)。

The engine of mine loader adopts diesel engine. 135 series diesel engines are usually used, and 6135k diesel engines are usually used for ZL50 and ZL40 loaders. Most small wheel loaders use 95 and 105 series diesel engines.

2.傳輸系統(tǒng)

2. Transmission system

礦井裝載機(jī)有兩種傳動方式：機(jī)械傳動和液壓機(jī)械傳動。機(jī)械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但傳動系統(tǒng)的扭轉(zhuǎn)振動和沖擊載荷較大，影響使用壽命。液力機(jī)械傳動能吸收沖擊載荷，提高使用壽命，自動適應(yīng)外部阻力的變化，提高礦井裝載機(jī)的使用性能。因此，大中型輪胎裝載機(jī)大多采用液壓機(jī)械傳動。傳動系統(tǒng)采用雙渦輪變矩器和動力換檔行星齒輪箱，通過前后驅(qū)動軸傳遞到前后驅(qū)動橋，再通過半軸和帶側(cè)減速器驅(qū)動低壓輪胎。

There are two transmission modes of mine loader: mechanical transmission and hydraulic mechanical transmission. The mechanical transmission structure is simple, but the torsional vibration and impact load of the transmission system are large, which affects the service life. Hydraulic mechanical transmission can absorb impact load, improve service life, automatically adapt to the change of external resistance and improve the service performance of mine loader. Therefore, large and medium-sized tire loaders mostly use hydraulic mechanical transmission. The transmission system adopts dual turbine torque converter and power shift planetary gearbox, which are transmitted to the front and rear drive axles through the front and rear drive shafts, and then drive the low-pressure tires through the half shaft and the belt side reducer.

變矩器上有三個泵：工作泵（供油提升和傾卸壓力油）、轉(zhuǎn)向泵（供油轉(zhuǎn)向壓力油）變速泵，也稱為行駛泵（供油變矩器和變速箱壓力油）。某些型號的轉(zhuǎn)向泵還配備先導(dǎo)泵（供油控制閥先導(dǎo)壓力油）。

There are three pumps on the torque converter: the work pump (supply lift and dump pressure oil), the steering pump (supply steering pressure oil) and the transmission pump, also known as the travel pump (supply torque converter and transmission pressure oil). Some models of the steering pump are also equipped with a pilot pump (supply control valve pilot pressure oil).