When the driver operates the loader, his good operation habits can not only prolong the service life of the loader and reduce the wear of the whole equipment, but also reduce various functional losses and fuel consumption. For some novice drivers, it is easy to make some bad operation methods when driving the loader, which will affect their work. Today, I'd like to share with you, Those bad operating habits will affect the service life of the loader?

1、啟動(dòng)后就猛踩油門

1. After starting, step on the accelerator

特別在寒冷的環(huán)境下，裝載機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)剛啟動(dòng)時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)身溫度低、機(jī)油黏度比較大、流動(dòng)性不好，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)，不能暢流各潤(rùn)滑點(diǎn)。如果此時(shí)猛轟油門，會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速瞬時(shí)升高，盡管機(jī)油泵的供油量和壓力也會(huì)增加，粘稠的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油不能提供優(yōu)良的潤(rùn)滑，瞬間達(dá)不到滿足各運(yùn)動(dòng)副對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油量和油壓的要求，運(yùn)動(dòng)副不能建立很好的潤(rùn)滑油膜，產(chǎn)生瞬間干摩擦，導(dǎo)致配合零件劇烈磨損。

Especially in the cold environment, when the loader engine is just started, the engine body temperature is low, the oil viscosity is relatively large, and the fluidity is poor. The engine oil cannot flow smoothly to all lubrication points in a very short time. If the accelerator is slammed at this time, the engine speed will increase instantaneously. Although the oil supply and pressure of the oil pump will also increase, the viscous engine oil can not provide excellent lubrication, and can not meet the requirements of each moving pair for lubricating oil quantity and oil pressure. The moving pair can not establish a good lubricating oil film, resulting in instantaneous dry friction, resulting in severe wear of mating parts.

2、工作進(jìn)行過(guò)程中直接補(bǔ)充冷 卻水

2. Make up cooling water directly during work

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷 卻液不足，將導(dǎo)致柴油機(jī)因缺水過(guò)熱。柴油機(jī)高溫狀態(tài)下直接補(bǔ)充冷 卻液，整個(gè)冷 卻系統(tǒng)瞬間會(huì)產(chǎn)生大的溫差，使缸蓋、缸套、缸體等瞬間脆裂，產(chǎn)生微裂紋，逐漸滲漏冷 卻液，以致漏水、漏油、漏氣等。因此，當(dāng)柴油機(jī)溫度過(guò)高時(shí)，應(yīng)以稍高轉(zhuǎn)速空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，待水溫下降50℃左右時(shí)，再熄火，擰松散熱器蓋，排出水蒸氣，緩慢注入冷 卻液。

Insufficient engine coolant will cause the diesel engine to overheat due to water shortage. When the diesel engine directly replenishes the coolant under high temperature, the whole cooling system will produce a large temperature difference in an instant, which will make the cylinder head, cylinder liner and cylinder block brittle and produce microcracks, and gradually leak the coolant, resulting in water leakage, oil leakage, air leakage, etc. Therefore, when the temperature of the diesel engine is too high, it should run at a slightly higher speed without load. When the water temperature drops to about 50 ℃, turn off the engine, loosen the radiator cap, discharge water vapor and slowly inject coolant.

3、啟動(dòng)后不熱車直接工作

3. Work directly without hot car after starting

由于環(huán)境溫度和機(jī)身溫度均低，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油黏度大，會(huì)使機(jī)油泵供油不足，導(dǎo)致短時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)副得不到充分的潤(rùn)滑，磨損加劇。立即工作，加大負(fù)荷時(shí)，甚會(huì)發(fā)生拉缸、抱瓦等事故。所以，裝載機(jī)啟動(dòng)后，應(yīng)先怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)升溫，緩慢試運(yùn)行各機(jī)構(gòu)，待油溫、油壓達(dá)到正常時(shí)，才能作業(yè)。

Due to the low ambient temperature and fuselage temperature and the high viscosity of engine oil, the oil supply of oil pump will be insufficient, resulting in insufficient lubrication of moving pair in a short time and intensified wear. When working immediately and increasing the load, there will even be accidents such as cylinder pulling and tile holding. Therefore, after the loader is started, it should run at idle speed to raise the temperature, and slowly test run each mechanism until the oil temperature and oil pressure reach normal.

4、帶負(fù)荷停機(jī)或作業(yè)后立即停機(jī)

4. Shutdown with load or immediately after operation

裝載機(jī)帶負(fù)荷停機(jī)或作業(yè)后立即停機(jī)，冷 卻系統(tǒng)隨即停止工作，散 熱能力急劇下降。工作產(chǎn)生的大量熱量積聚在熱源附近不能及時(shí)散發(fā)，使氣缸蓋、缸套、缸體等受熱部件的冷

When the loader stops with load or immediately after operation, the cooling system stops working immediately, and the heat dissipation capacity decreases sharply. A large amount of heat generated by work accumulates near the heat source and cannot be distributed in time, resulting in the cold of cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block and other heated parts

卻水沸騰，機(jī)件過(guò)熱，高溫?zé)g。同時(shí)還會(huì)使附著其表面的機(jī)油變質(zhì)，造成下次啟動(dòng)困難。因此，裝載機(jī)在熄火前應(yīng)卸除負(fù)荷，并空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)3～5min，使機(jī)溫降40℃以下，水溫降50℃以下時(shí)，方可停機(jī)。

But the water boils, the parts overheat and ablate at high temperature. At the same time, it will also deteriorate the oil attached to its surface, resulting in difficulty in starting next time. Therefore, before flameout, the loader shall unload the load and operate without load for 3 ~ 5min to reduce the machine temperature below 40 ℃ and the water temperature below 50 ℃.

5、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火前猛踩油門

5. Slam on the accelerator before the engine shuts down

個(gè)別駕駛員誤認(rèn)為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停機(jī)前猛轟幾腳油門，可使多余未燃燒的柴油留在氣缸中，利于下一次發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)。其實(shí)這會(huì)造成燃燒不完全、冒黑煙、積炭增多;同時(shí)猛轟幾腳油門會(huì)使運(yùn)動(dòng)件慣性力突然加大，加劇運(yùn)動(dòng)副的磨損;其次未燃盡的燃油將順著缸壁流入油底殼稀釋機(jī)油，縮短機(jī)油使用周期。因此，正確的操作是，無(wú)負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下中低速平穩(wěn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后停機(jī)熄火。

Some drivers mistakenly believe that slamming a few feet of throttle before engine shutdown can leave excess unburned diesel in the cylinder, which is conducive to the next engine start. In fact, this will cause incomplete combustion, black smoke and increased carbon deposition; At the same time, slamming several accelerator feet will suddenly increase the inertia force of the moving parts and aggravate the wear of the moving pair; Secondly, the unburned fuel will flow into the oil pan along the cylinder wall to dilute the oil and shorten the service life of the oil. Therefore, the correct operation is to shut down and shut down after smooth operation at medium and low speed under no-load state.