Loader is a kind of earthwork construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects. It is mainly used to shovel soil, sand, lime, coal and other bulk materials. It can also be used for light shovel excavation of ore and hard soil.

裝載機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)工作裝置應(yīng)能保證：

When the loader is working, the working device shall ensure that:

當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)斗油缸閉鎖、動(dòng)臂油缸舉升或降落時(shí)，連桿機(jī)構(gòu)使鏟斗上下平動(dòng)或接近平動(dòng)，以免鏟斗傾斜而撒落物料；當(dāng)動(dòng)臂處于任何位置、鏟斗繞動(dòng)臂鉸點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行卸料時(shí)，鏟斗傾斜角不小于45°，卸料后動(dòng)臂下降時(shí)又能使鏟斗自動(dòng)放平。

When the rotary bucket oil cylinder is locked and the boom oil cylinder is lifted or lowered, the linkage mechanism makes the bucket move up and down or close to horizontal, so as to prevent the bucket from tilting and scattering materials; When the boom is at any position and the bucket rotates around the boom hinge point for unloading, the bucket tilt angle shall not be less than 45 °, and the bucket can be automatically leveled when the boom drops after unloading.

綜合國(guó)內(nèi)外裝載機(jī)工作裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)型式，主要有七種類型，即按連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)件數(shù)不同，分為三桿式、四桿式、五桿式、六桿式和八桿式等；按輸入和輸出桿的轉(zhuǎn)向是否相同又分為正轉(zhuǎn)和反轉(zhuǎn)連桿機(jī)構(gòu)等。土方工程用裝載機(jī)鏟斗結(jié)構(gòu)，其斗體常用低碳、耐磨、高強(qiáng)度鋼板焊接制成，切削刃采用耐磨的中錳合金鋼材料，側(cè)切削刃和加強(qiáng)角板都用高強(qiáng)度耐磨鋼材料制成。鏟斗切削刀的形狀分為四種。

According to the structural types of loader working devices at home and abroad, there are mainly seven types, that is, according to the number of components of linkage mechanism, they are divided into three-bar type, four-bar type, five bar type, six bar type and eight bar type; According to whether the steering direction of the input and output rods is the same, it is divided into forward and reverse linkage mechanisms. The bucket structure of loader for earthwork is usually welded with low-carbon, wear-resistant and high-strength steel plates. The cutting edge is made of wear-resistant medium manganese alloy steel, and the side cutting edge and reinforcing corner plate are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel. There are four types of bucket cutters.

齒形的選擇應(yīng)考慮插入阻力、耐磨性和易于更換等因素。齒形分尖齒和鈍齒，輪胎式裝載機(jī)多采用尖形齒，而履帶式裝開機(jī)多采用鈍形齒。斗齒數(shù)目視斗寬而定，斗齒距一般為150-300mm。

Factors such as insertion resistance, wear resistance and easy replacement shall be considered in the selection of tooth profile. The tooth profile is divided into sharp teeth and blunt teeth. Most tire loaders use sharp teeth, while most crawler loaders use blunt teeth. The number of bucket teeth depends on the bucket width, and the bucket tooth pitch is generally 150-300mm.

斗齒結(jié)構(gòu)分整體式和分體式兩種，中小型裝載機(jī)多采用整體式，而大型裝載機(jī)由于作業(yè)條件差、斗齒磨損嚴(yán)重，常采用分體式。分體式斗齒分為基本齒2和齒尖1兩部分，磨損后只需要更換齒尖。

Bucket tooth structure is divided into integral type and split type. Small and medium-sized loaders mostly use integral type, while large loaders often use split type due to poor operating conditions and serious bucket tooth wear. The split bucket tooth is divided into two parts: basic tooth 2 and tooth tip 1. Only the tooth tip needs to be replaced after wear.